After reading David Silver’s introduction from Critical Cyberculture Studies (2006), I’m left with a few questions (which I think is Dr. Liza Potts’s nefarious plan). Silver makes this statement regarding however it is this scholarly endeavor might be defined:
It can be argued that a commonly shared set of theories and methodologies is a sign of an academic field’s development and sophistication. It can also be argued that such commonly held approaches signal ossification, stagnation, and a lack of imagination. I favor the side of a temporarily canonless field of study (Silver 2004). If and when the canon appears, replete with acceptable theories, methods and method0logies, I surely hope its foundations are pliable enough for whatever meets us in the future.
We have a young field of study, one that, depending on with whom one speaks, stretches back only five, ten, or fifteen years. In other words, what we have is a field of study under construction — with boundaries not yet set, with borders not yet full erected, and with a canon not yet established. As such, we have a field of study ripe for growth and twigging, becoming and re-becoming, imagined and reimagined. Now, before the mold is set, is the time for experimentation. (pp. 5-6, emphasis in original)
As Steve Jones notes, we mix, match, and borrow from all kinds of academic fields/disciplines in order to generate insight into an always-emerging site of study. What does a “canon” look like when it is focused on something that evolves at such a rapid pace? The internet now is, in many ways, not the same internet of even five years ago. Collaborative technologies on the web facilitate spaces of (kinda/sorta) user-centered participation. But not only do the technologies change rapidly, so do the nature of the networks in which users play and work.
For example, fan cultures have emerged from underground networks of hyper-stereotyped “geeks” and “nerds” into the public spotlight. Such mainstreaming has been facilitated by these technologies. And it’s also been facilitated by the marketing forces seeking to take advantage of potential revenue streams. Tweeting and live-blogging from San Diego Comic Con has taken on a life of its own as TV and movie studios use the venue to gauge fans’ reactions to upcoming seasons and films. It’s essentially free publicity, utilizing Web 2.0 infrastructures and fan participation.
Thus, from a socio-cultural perspective, the ever increasing presence of marketing forces in fan experiences alters those experiences. But it’s not always clear how they do so since we’re only beginning to understand how those experiences emerge from the intersection of interior phenomenological factors with external technological and cultural forces.
I like your example of fan cultures. I was very active in an online forum for my favorite band, but when the band earned a major label deal, the marketing people took over the website and re-tooled the interface, added a point system for posting, and eliminated old threads.
Here, marketing factors attempted to take advantage of an existing cyber-culture, but in doing so, changed the nature of the community and left a number of users/community members confused and angry. The “core” of the group broke off and formed an independent forum.
I worry about this same cultural pollution from academics. If I force students to use facebook and “friend me” in order to get class updates, do I then take the shine off of using Facebook?
Chris, thanks for commenting! Your experience sounds like something that George Lucas would do with Star Wars fan sites. Fortunately, a lot of higher profile fan cultures are now left alone by the corporate overlords. Companies have figured out that fans will work their butts off to promote and relay information about their favorite media, teams, etc. if they’ll just leave that community alone.
I spend a lot of online time in an HP fan community, and I’m always amazed at how much latitude J.K. Rowling, Warner Bros., and the publishers allow fans to play in the Potterverse. They’ve had a couple of run-ins with fans (Steve van der Ark being the most famous case). But, for the most part, as long as fans aren’t making money off of direct appropriation of the stories, they’ve largely left HP fans alone.
It seems like there are two successful approaches to gleaning reliable info from your user base. In the case described in Cathedral and the Bazaar, the developers maintain their membership in the community of users, and by doing so they can release their programs and get feedback about the pros and cons. In the case of WB and HP, WB doesn’t pretend to be a part of the community and doesn’t interfere with the inner workings. They are still able to retrieve info on what aspects are catching on, what people are talking about and why, but they maintain an external presence. In the case of the record label taking over the band site, the label reps breached the trust of fans by feigning membership in an established community, and it cheapened the experience for everyone. I’m sure those points people get for posting don’t provide the insight into the fanbase that the personal connections made way for.
I think that in academic circles (even in high school) there is still balance in the give-and-take. Regarding your Facebook example, Chris – it’s not like you’re using your online connection to these students to only benefit you. They are learning about social networking as well as about a different approach to class material, which they will ultimately benefit from. And both parties experience the convenience factor. I think it will take a lot more than academic use to strip the shine from Facebook. J